6/06/2010

PORQUÉ EN EL REMATE DEL ESCUDO DE ARMAS DE BARCELONA DESCUELLA LA FIGURA DE UN MURCIÉLAGO?....


Porque el antiguo Consejo del Ciento de Barcelona le habia tomado por divisa, y parece que fue para expresar su unión, mutua fuerza y vigilancia, con alusión a la constumbre observada por estos animales de pegarse o agarrarse los unos a los otros formando largas cadenas.

En cuanto a haber adoptado el rey D. Jaime el Murciélago que figura en el remate de su capacete, opinan algunos que fue por un capricho del monarca o por habérsele escondido o posado en su cimera uno de estos animales en el sitio de Valencia: casualidad que quiso interpretarse, segun las ideas superstiosas dominantes de aquellos tiempos, como un aviso dado al Rey para que vigilara.

El Murciélago es un animal considerado por mucho tiempo como un monstruo, sin duda por su estraña figura, por los sitios inmundos que suele habitar, y porque solo se deja ver entre tinieblas.
Aunque vuela y parece ave, no lo es, sino que pertenece a la clase de los mamiferos, orden de los carniceros, y por esto dijo ya de ella Plinio, que entre las aves solo el Murciélago para los hijos vivos, y les alimenta con la leche de sus pechos.

Sus alas que no son mas que una membrana sin nada de plumas, le sirven no solo para volar, sino tambien para abrigarse y conducir entre sus pliegues a sus hijuelos junto al pecho, para con facilidad alimentarlos.

El sentido del ofato, del oido, de la vista, y sobretodo el del tacto, dicen los naturalistas que están muy desarrollados en el Murciélago.

Los Caribes miran a los Murciélagos como unos espíritus protectores, que durante la noche guardan sus casas, y es sacrilegio matar uno de estos pájaros nocturnos.

El P. Sarmiento dice que es comida regalada en el Oriente y en Africa.
Es el símbolo de la vigilancia, del malechor y del ladrón, que gustan como él de andar a oscuras y por las cuecas y subterráneos.

El nombre Murciélago es formado de las tres palabras latinas siguientes: mus, caecus, alatus, esto es, raton, ciego y alado: por su figura y por creer los antiguos que era ciego o que apenas veía.

En latín se llama Vespertilio, porque es animal verpertino o que sale unicamente de noche, y por la misma razón se llama Vespertillo en castellano y Vispistrello en italiano. En francés Chauve-souris, es decir raton calvo, por carecer de plumas.
En catalan se llama Rata Piña-da, y tambien penada: mus pennnatus, que equivala raton con alas, e igualmente Murisec, o raton ciego.

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